universal-joint
A universal joint at 40° input, shafts 25° apart
Two shafts meeting at 25°, joined by a cross whose two pins are at right angles to each other and each at right angles to the shaft it carries. That is the whole geometry, and everything else follows from it. This is a four-joint spatial loop with all four axes through one point: Kutzbach counts −2 and the screw system has rank 3, so it has one degree of freedom and turns. At this instant the output shaft is at 42.79° while the input is at 40°, and the output is turning 1.0124 times as fast — which is not 1, and never is except at the four points of each turn where the curves cross.
Out of the planedraggable: input shaftwide
Where it is used
- Six freedoms, not three Out of the plane
- The ratio that is not a number Drawn wrongly
- The joint that is not constant velocity Out of the plane
- The wrist is three joints and one point One path to the tool
- When the link lengths are angles Out of the plane
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