Machine Kinematics
solved, then drawn
Concept

Offset follower — where it appears

A cam follower whose straight line of travel is moved sideways off the cam's centre by a fixed distance. The offset is subtracted from the follower's velocity in its pressure angle, so it relieves one stroke only by charging the other.

Named by 2 essays across one field — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

Also named here as prime circle — the same set of essays touches all of them, so they are one junction rather than several.

A roller offset by 5.88, at 42.3° of the rise. The cycloidal programme — rise 20 over 90°, return over 170° — on a prime circle of 40 with a roller of 10, drawn with the follower fixed above and the cam turned anticlockwise to 42.3°. The follower's line of travel is 5.88 to the right of the cam's centre. The contact normal leans 21.81° from that line, which is the pressure angle, and measured off the drawn pitch curve it is 21.81°. At this offset the peak on the rise is 21.81° and on the return 21.81°; centred, they are 27.37° and 15.33°.

An offset trades the rise for the return

Moving a roller follower's line of travel off the cam's centre lowers the pressure angle on one stroke by raising it on the other. When the rise and the return are mirror images the best offset is zero. When the cam rises in 90° and returns over 170°, an offset of 5.88 takes the worse stroke from 27.37° to 21.81° by handing the return 6.48° it did not need.

cams · Cam A roller on an arm of 50 pivoted on the left, at 35.8° of the rise. The cycloidal programme — rise 20 over 90°, return over 170° — on a prime circle of 40 with a roller of 10, followed by a roller on an arm of 50 whose pivot is on the left of the cam, at (−49.92, 42.79). The pivot angle balances the two strokes, and the cam is turned anticlockwise to 35.8°. The faint arc is the path the roller's centre swings through. The contact normal leans 23.48° from the roller's direction of motion, which is the pressure angle, and off the drawn pitch curve it is 23.48°. At this instant the roller's line of motion passes 2.98 from the cam's centre. Balanced, the arm peaks at 23.48° on both strokes; a sliding follower at its best offset of 5.88 peaks at 21.81°.

An arm is an offset that grows with the lift

Carry a cam's roller on a swinging arm instead of a slide and its pressure angle obeys the offset follower's formula exactly, with the offset replaced by the distance of the roller's line of motion from the cam's centre. That distance turns with the arm. On a cam whose strokes are mirror images the best arm is worse than a centred slide by about 5,000/L² degrees and leans the follower by its own tilt on the dwells. On a quick-rise cam the pivot's angle rebalances either side of the cam for under a degree, where a sliding offset moved to the wrong side costs eleven.

cams · Cam

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

CamDwellMinimaxPitch curvePressure anglePrime circleRoller followerContact normalOscillating follower

All concepts